(off-line) partial evaluation
Common Case
Predicate
original code
Specialized
 code
Hacker +
Formal person
NuPrl
layer
NuPrl is a formal tool that can manipulate formal specifications.  Both the programmer of a protocol layer, as well as a NuPrl expert are necessary to do the manipulations.  An example of a CCP is “the sequence number on the incoming message is the one that is expected”.  In other words, the common case is that no messages are lost, re-ordered, or duplicated.  Other examples are:  “the message is a data message”, “the message is not fragmented”, etc.